US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) formalized a policy last month that allows ICE officers to make arrests in state, local, and federal courthouses, despite complaints from judges and immigration advocacy groups that this tactic creates fear among victims of crime, witnesses, and family members. The ICE memo, signed off by Acting ICE Director Thomas D. Homan, says courthouse enforcement only targets immigrants with criminal convictions, gang members, threats to national or public safety, those who have been ordered removed but did not leave the US, and those who have re-entered illegally after being removed.